The Internet has come a long way from the first website to the complex and versatile web applications that exist today. Modern web development has evolved considerably from these early architectures, leading to the rise of full-stack development, which differentiates between frontend and backend specializations. This increased interactivity and functionality have brought about new levels of complexity. Web applications are now often built using intricate frameworks and libraries, requiring larger development teams and specialized skills. Addressing concerns like scalability (handling a growing number of users and data) and security (protecting sensitive information and systems) has become paramount. To manage these demands and achieve cost savings, the industry has seen the widespread adoption of virtualization and cloud technologies, allowing developers to deploy and scale applications more efficiently and flexibly across distributed infrastructure.

This course discusses the technological foundations of modern web development, covering both frontend and backend aspects. It explores SQL databases, focusing on fundamental interactions and database security through ORMs. Additionally, it covers various authentication services and methods used to verify user identities and control access to web application resources. Furthermore, it examines Web APIs and microservices, which are fundamental for application communication and breaking down complex systems. Finally, it dives into virtualization and cloud computing, demonstrating different virtualization concepts, explaining how these technologies can help deploy web projects cheaply and effectively, and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of virtualization.