35G and IoT

The fourth generation of mobile phone technologies, 4G, was a great improvement in the download speed for users, who could start enjoying live content on their phones. Many applications can be supported on existing 4G networks but some will require 5G. These requirements include higher data rates and higher capacity with shorter latency as well as reductions in energy use and greater system efficiency.

In telecommunications and electrical engineering, 5G is the abbreviation used to refer to the fifth generation of mobile telephony technologies [4].

The 5G is the successor of the 4G technology. Currently it is not standardized yet and telecommunication companies are developing their prototypes.

This next evolution of mobile phone networks called 5G will allow, among other things, to navigate at speeds higher than 1 Gbps. This means multiplying the current navigation speed by ten. Thus, the 5G implies an improvement in speed: if with the 4G a download speed of 150 megabytes per second was achieved, it will go up to 20 Gbps. This fact will allows watching streaming channels with 4K quality or cameras becoming equipped with the ability to record ultra-high definition videos and other services that demand a lot of bandwidth. Moreover, with the use of 5G remote computing will be also possible, that is, it will not be needed to install a large number of processors in some objects because computing could be done in the cloud. Several industries can be the early beneficiaries of IoT technologies. The IoT technologies such as M2M communication complemented with intelligent data analytics are expected to drastically change landscape of various industries. Multiple tracks on industries are moving into mobility and intelligence. Table 2 shows some industrial sectors with mobile broadband requirements than can benefit from 5G IoT advantages.

Table 3 – Industrial applications

Manufacturing

Smart cities

Smart home

Health

Transportation

Production Monitoring

Traffic control

Access control

Helath monitoring

Vehicle diagnostics

Machine condition monitoring

Smart lighting

Energy management

Remote diagnostic

Autonomus driving cars

Robotic control

Parking meters

Smart metering

Robotic surgey

Control of trucs

Stocks traking

Waste management

Alarms and security control

Fall detection

Drone monitoring

This technology will work in the bands of 3.6 and 26 GHz in 2020 at the European Community. The NSA 5G NR or Non-Standalone 5G New Radio is the first standard the fifth generation of mobile networks officially approved by the 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP).

The 5G supposes numerous improvements with respect to the previous generation, which will open a world of possibilities. With the 5G we will go from being connected only to people to a world where everything is connected. The 5G standard must support up to 1 million connected devices per square kilometer offering infinite possibilities to IoT devices to be connected. This density of devices will allow another significant breakthrough: turn real promises like connected cities or the autonomous car.

An important issue for IoT devices and services is the latency. In data communication and digital networking, latency is used in two major contexts. One represents a one-way trip while the other is a round trip. One-way latency is measured by counting the total time it takes a packet to travel from its source to its destination, while round-trip latency is measured by adding one-way latency from the destination to the time it takes the packet to return from the destination and arrive back at the source. The propagation time, delay in transmission and storage or device processing limit the latency in communication networks. A second important improvement of 5G networks should offer users a maximum latency of just 4ms, down from about 20ms on LTE cells. The 5G spec also calls for a latency of just 1ms for ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). In many IoT applications, minimum latency is crucial as actuators and sensors must operate very fast to be useful and make effective operations.

On the other hand, 5G offers another advantage that is also very important for IoT applications; 5G requires lower power consumption than 4G. This reduction offers the possibility to include more sensors in many applications and systems of IoT. Low power consumption is a key requirement to ensure years of battery lifetime. Moreover, various technologies and issues regarding green IoT focused in the reduction of the energy consumption of IoT have been reported in the literature [5-6]. A key design expectation of IoT enabled devices is that they will operate at low powers with battery life of up to 10 years in some applications.

In addition, some of these IoT devices may be powered by harvesting energy from the radio signals all around or solar energy. Researchers, scientists, and engineers face emerging challenges in designing IoT based systems that can efficiently be integrated with the 5G wireless communications. In order to ensure long battery lifetime and to reduce energy consumption, some technologies are enabled with two power saving features: extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) and power saving mode (PSM) [7].

Main requirements for 5G of IoT and M2M are the following: Many more connected devices deep indoor coverage and signaling efficiency.